Transformasi Penggunaan Lahan dan Dampak Sosial Budaya Proyek Reklamasi di Tanjungpinang Kota
Abstract
Indonesia, an archipelago with abundant agricultural and marine resources, is witnessing land-use changes due to socio-economic shifts, population increase, and development pressures, notably in coastal areas like Tanjungpinang Kota District. This district's stilt house settlements or fishermen's dwellings must cohabit with the Gurindam 12 (G12) reclamation project, which may influence their development. This study will examine how the G12 reclamation project affected land-use changes and stilt house settlement sustainability. A descriptive quantitative approach using Cellular Automata and Artificial Neural Networks (CA-ANN) predicted land use in 2038. A buffer analysis assessed residential areas' extreme wave disaster risk. The results show significant land-use changes between 2014 and 2023, particularly surrounding stilt houses. Ca-ANN study shows that the G12 reclamation project is affecting settlement patterns, especially in high-risk coastal locations. This study found that the CA-ANN approach accurately identifies land-use change trends and assesses reclamation efforts.
Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan dengan kekayaan alam dan wilayah perairan yang diakui dunia menghadapi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang dipicu oleh transformasi sosial-ekonomi, pertumbuhan penduduk, serta tekanan pembangunan, terutama di wilayah pesisir seperti Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Kota. Permukiman di atas air laut (pelantar) ini harus beradaptasi dengan proyek reklamasi Gurindam 12 (G12) yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah, yang kemungkinan besar mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman pelantar tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak proyek reklamasi G12 terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan dan keberlanjutan permukiman pelantar. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mengintegrasikan Cellular Automata dan Artificial Neural Networks (CA-ANN) untuk memprediksi penggunaan lahan hingga tahun 2038 serta menganalisis kerentanan permukiman pelantar terhadap risiko bencana gelombang ekstrem menggunakan buffer analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode 2014-2023 terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang berdampak pada kebijakan pengelolaan pesisir dan perencanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan, terutama kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat pelantar. Analisis menggunakan metode CA-ANN memperkuat temuan ini dan menunjukkan bahwa proyek reklamasi G12 mempengaruhi pola permukiman masyarakat, terutama di daerah pesisir yang berisiko tinggi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode CA-ANN efektif dalam mengidentifikasi pola perubahan lahan dan memberikan gambaran akurat mengenai dampak faktor-faktor seperti proyek reklamasi.
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