Reforma Agraria untuk Kedaulatan Pangan: Problem Ketidakberlanjutan dan Limitasinya
Abstract
Food sovereignty implies a comprehensive agrarian reform adapted to local conditions in each country in order to have equal access to productive resources, especially land. As the main pillar of food sovereignty and an instrument of economic democratization, agrarian reform is not an easy mechanism to protect farmers. This paper will specifically discuss the practice of agrarian reform in achieving the vision of food sovereignty. This research is included into a library research with a semi-systematic approach. Data analysis for this paper was accomplished qualitatively. The results show that there are two main prerequisites that are difficult to fulfill in order to realize the vision of food sovereignty through agrarian reform, including the lack of government political commitment and incomplete agrarian data. This situation ultimately has an impact on not achieving the vision of food sovereignty. This problem is triggered not only from internal implementing agencies but also from external implementing agencies. Internal triggers occur because of the capacity of implementing agencies and the placement of policy priorities which lead to policy overlaps. Meanwhile, externally, the trigger is the rejection of subjects outside of agrarian reform.
Kedaulatan pangan mengisyaratkan dijalankannya pembaruan agraria secara komprehensif yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi-kondisi lokal di setiap negara agar memiliki akses yang sama terhadap sumber-sumber produktif terutama tanah. Sebagai pilar utama kedaulatan pangan dan instrumen demokratisasi ekonomi, reforma agraria bukanlah mekanisme melindungi petani yang mudah untuk dijalankan. Tulisan ini secara khusus akan membahas praktik reforma agraria dalam mencapai visi kedaulatan pangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan semi-sistematis. Analisis data untuk tulisan ini dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua prasyarat utama yang ternyata sulit terpenuhi untuk mewujudkan visi kedaulatan pangan melalui reforma agraria yaitu kurangnya komitmen politik pemerintah dan data agraria yang kurang lengkap. Situasi ini pada akhirnya berdampak pada tidak tercapainya visi kedaulatan pangan. Problem ini dipicu tidak hanya dari internal tetapi juga dari eksternal lembaga pelaksana. Pemicu internal terjadi karena kapasitas lembaga pelaksana dan penempatan prioritas kebijakan yang berujung pada terjadinya tumpang tindih kebijakan. Sementara itu dari eksternal, pemicunya adalah penolakan dari subjek di luar reforma agraria.
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